This is the apparatus used to test for Distillation of Petroleum Product

ChemicalFormulas - For doing a test for Distillation of Petroleum Product the basic components of the distillation unit are the distillation flask, the condenser and associated cooling bath, metal shield or enclosure for the distillation flask, the heat source, the flask support, the temperature measuring device, and the receiving cylinder to collect the distillate. The apparatus are used for manual distillation units.

In addition to the basic components described in above, automated distillation units also are equipped with a system to measure and automatically record the temperature and the associated recovered volume in the receiving cylinder. Automated equipment manufactured in 1999 and later shall be equipped with a device to automatically shut down power to the unit and to spray an inert gas or vapor in the chamber where the distillation flask is mounted in the event of fire.

Description of the Material for Each Apparatus :

Distillation Flasks
Flasks shall be of heat resistant glass, constructed to the dimensions and tolerances and shall otherwise comply with the requirements of Specification E 1405. Flasks may also be constructed with a ground glass joint, in which case the diameter of the neck shall be the same. For tests specifying dry point, specially selected flasks with bottoms and walls of uniform thickness are desirable.

Condenser and Condenser Bath
The condenser shall be made of seamless noncorrosive metal tubing, 560 +/- 5 mm in length, with an outside diameter of 14 mm and a wall thickness of 0.8 to 0.9 mm. Brass or stainless steel has been found to be a suitable material for this purpose.

The volume and the design of the bath will depend on the cooling medium employed. The cooling capacity of the bath shall be adequate to maintain the required temperature for the desired condenser performance. A single condenser bath may be used for several condenser tubes.

Metal Shield or Enclosure for Flask (Manual units only).

• Shield for Gas Burner
  
  The purpose of this shield is to provide protection for the operator and yet allow easy access to the burner and to the distillation flask during operation. A typical shield would be 480-mm high, 280-mm long and 200-mm wide, made of sheet metal of 0.8-mm thickness (22 gauge). The shield shall be provided with at least one window to observe the dry point at the end of the distillation.
• Shield for Electric Heater
  
  A typical shield would be 440-mm high, 200-mm long, and 200-mm wide, made of sheet metal of approximately 0.8-mm thickness (22 gauge) and with a window in the front side. The shield shall be provided with at least one window to observe the dry point at the end of the distillation.

Flask Support Board

The flask support board shall be constructed of ceramic or other heat-resistant material, 3 to 6 mm in thickness. Flask support boards are classified as A, B, or C, based on the size of the centrally located opening. The flask support board shall be of sufficient dimension to ensure that thermal heat to the flask only comes from the central opening and that extraneous heat to the flask other than through the central opening is minimized. (Warning Asbestos containing materials shall not be used in the construction of the flask support board.)

Temperature Measuring Device

1. Mercury-in-glass thermometers, if used, shall be filled with an inert gas, graduated on the stem and enamel backed. They shall conform to Specification E1 or IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products 1996—Appendix A, or both, for thermometers ASTM 7C/IP 5C and ASTM 7F for the low range thermometers, and ASTM 8C/IP 6C and ASTM 8F for the high range thermometers.
2. Temperature measurement systems other than those described in above are satisfactory for this test method, provided that they exhibit the same temperature lag, emergent stem effect, and accuracy as the equivalent mercury-in-glass thermometer. The electronic circuitry or the algorithms, or both, used shall include the capability to simulate the temperature lag of a mercury-in-glass thermometer. Alternatively, the sensor can also be placed in a casing with the tip of the sensor covered so that the assembly, because of its adjusted thermal mass and conductivity, has a temperature lag time similar to that of a mercury-in-glass thermometer.

Receiving Cylinders

The receiving cylinder shall have a capacity to measure and collect 100 mL. The shape of the base shall be such that the receiver does not topple when placed empty on a surface inclined at an angle of 13° from the horizontal.

Residue Cylinder

The graduated cylinder shall have a capacity of 5 or 10 mL, with graduations into 0.1 mL subdivisions, beginning at 0.1 mL. The top of the cylinder may be flared, the other properties shall conform to Specification E 1272.

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